Երեխաների իրավունքների պաշտպանության միջազգային իրավական նորմերի համակարգը զինված հակամարտությունների ընթացքում

Բովանդակություն

Գրականություն

Հոդվածներ

Wells, Sarah. Crimes Against Child Soldiers in Armed Conflict Situations: Application and Limits of International Humanitarian Law.  12 Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 287 2004.

Colleen, Maher. The Protection of Children in Armed Conflict: A Human Rights Analysis of the Protection Afforded to Children in Wartime. Boston College Third World Law Journal 9 B.C. Third World L.1989.                     

Van Bueren, Geraldine. The International Legal Protection of Children in Armed Conflicts. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 4 (Oct., 1994).

Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. State Responsibility to investigate and Prosecute Grave Human Rights Violations in International Law. California Law Review, Vol. 78, No. 2 (Mar., 1990)

Pilar Villanueva Sainz-Pardo (2008). Is Child Recruitment as a War Crime Part of Cudtomary International Law? The International Journal of Human Rights.

 

Regina v. Finta. Judith Hippler Bello and Irwin Cotler. The American Journal of International Law. Vol. 90, No. 3 (Jul., 1996).

Bassiouni, M. Cherif (1996). International Crimes: Jus Coens and Obligatio Erga Omnes. Vol. 59, Law and Contemp. Probs.: No.4.

Bassiouni, Cherif. Searching for Peace and Achieving Justice: The Need for Accountability. Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 59, No. 4, Accountability for International Crimes and Serious Violations of Fundamental Human Rights (Autumn, 1996).

Valerie Oosterveld. Prosecutor V. Alex Tamba Brima, Brima Bazzy Kamara & Santigie Borbor Kanu. Case No. SCSL-04-16-A; Prosecutor V. Moinina Fofana & Allieu Kondewa. Case No. SCSL-04-14-A.  The American Journal of International Law , Vol. 103, No. 1 (Jan., 2009).

Sharp, Walter Gary. International Obligations to Search For and Arrest War Criminals: Government Failure in the Former Yugoslavia? 7 Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L. 411 1996-1997.

Happold, Matthew. Child Soldiers: Victims or Perpetrators. University of La Verne Law Review, 01/2008, Volume 29.

Grossman, Nienke. Rehabilitation or Revenge: Prosecuting Child Soldiers for Human Rights Violations. Georgetown Journal of International Law, V. 38(2), 01/2007.

Ryan, Daniel. International Law and Laws of War and International Criminal law-Prosecution of Child Soldiers-United States v. Omar Ahmed Khadr. Suffolk Transnational Law Review (Winter 2010) Vol. 33:1

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Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Edward M. Wise. 1995. Aut dedere aut judicare: the duty to extradite or prosecute in international law. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff.

Grover, Sonja. Prosecuting international crimes and human rights abuses committed against children: leading international court cases. Heidelberg ; London : Springer, c2010.

Oppenheim, L. (Lassa). International law : a treatise. Vol. 2. London, 1912. 2 vols. The Making of Modern Law.

Vattel, Emer de,1714-1767. The Law of Nations; or, Principles of the Law of nature, applied to the conduct and affairs of nations and sovereigns. From the French of Monsieur de Vattel…From the new ed., by Joseph Chitty…With additional notes and references, by Edward D. Ingraham esq. T. & J. W. Johnson, 1853.

Melzer, Nils. Interpretive Guidance to the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities Under International Humanitarian Law. Geneva, 2009. International Committee of the Red Cross.

Elements of war crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court sources and commentary / Knut Dörmann ; with contributions by Louise Doswald-Beck and Robert Kolb. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Orakhelashvili Alexander. Peremptory Norms in International Law. Published to Oxford Scholarship, 2009.

Միջազգային իրավական փաստաթղթեր

Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); October, 1097.

Genev Declaration of the Rights of the Child, adopted by League of Nations (September 26, 1924).

Universal Declaratio of Human Rights adopted by UN General Assembly (December10, 1948).

Declaration of the Rights of the Child, adopted by UN General Assembly (November 20, 1959).

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (August 12, 1949).

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (Augus 12, 1949).

Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (August 12, 1949).

Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons In Time of War (August 12, 1949).

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions, Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (8 June, 1977).

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions, Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (8 June, 1977).

Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 44/25 (November 20, 1989).

the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict Adopted by UN GA Resolution A/RES/54/263 (25 May, 2000).

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, C182 (17 June, 1999).

African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child,  CAB/LEG/24.9/49 (11 July, 1990).

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (17 July, 1998).

Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia Adopted by UN SC Resolution 827 (25 May, 1993).

Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Adopted by UN SC Resolution 955 (8 November 1994).

Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, annexed to the Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone on the Establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone (16 January, 2002).

Vienna Convention on the Laws of Treaties (23 May, 1969).

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Adopted by Resolution 260 (III) A of the United Nations General Assembly (9 December, 1948).

Principles of International Law Recognised in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal. 1950.

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (10 December, 1948).

United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (“Beijing Rules”), A/RES/40/33 (November 29, 1985).

USA Military Commission Act of 2006, Public Law 109-366 (17 October 2006).

Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups (Paris Principles, February, 2007). 

 

Միավորված ազգերի կազմակերպության փաստաթղթեր և զեկույցներ

United Nations, ‘Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-General’, UN document A/62/609-S/2007/757, New York, (December 21, 2007).

United Nations, Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-General, UN Doc. A/55/163(2000), http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/reports.html

Machel, Graça. Impact of armed conflict on children. New York, N.Y. 1996: United Nations Children's Fund and the United Nations Dept. of Public Information.http://www.unicef.org/graca/

Machel Study 10-year Strategic Review, Children and Conflict in a Changing World, by United Nations Children’s Found (UNICEF) and Office of Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, New York, NY. http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/machel10.html

UN Treaty Collection, Participants to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). http://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en

Report of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court (2 November 2000). http://untreaty.un.org/cod/icc/prepcomm/prepfra.htm 

Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict. A/65/219 (August 4, 2010). http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/reports.html

UN ecurity Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone, 4 October 2000, S/2000/915. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6afbf4.html

Draft Statute for the International Criminal Court, Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, Addendum, Part One, A/CONF.183/2/Add.1 (14 April 1998). http://www.un.org/law/n9810105.pdf

Elements of Crime. Report of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court (2 November 2000), Part 2, Finalized draft text of the Elements of Crimes, Article 8(2)(b)(xxvi), War crime of using, conscripting or enlisting children. http://untreaty.un.org/cod/icc/prepcomm/prepfra.htm

Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals selected and prepared by the United Nations War Crimes Commission, Vol. http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/Law-Reports_Vol-1.pdf

The Security Council, Report of the Security Council Mission to Sierra Leone, U.N. Doc. S/2000/992 (16 October 2000). http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/SC%20Mission%20S%202000%20992.pdf

Draft Protocol (i). Official Records of the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts. Geneva (1974-1977).  Vol. iii. http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/RC-dipl-conference-records.html

Children and Justice During and in the Aftermath of Armed Conflict. Working Paper N.3 of the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict. New York, September 2011.

UN SC RES. 1261. UN DOC S/RES/1261 (August 30, 1999).

UN SC RES. 1314. UN DOC S/RES/1314 (August 11, 2000).

UN SC RES. 1379. UN DOC S/RES/1379 (Novembre 20, 2001).

UN SC RES. 1460. UN DOC S/RES/1460 (January 30, 2003).

UN SC RES. 1612. UN DOC S/RES/1612 (July 26, 2005).

UN SC RES. 1539. UN DOC S/RES/1539 (April 22, 2004).

UN GA RES. 51/77 UN DOC A/RES/51/77 (February 20, 1997).

Դատական գործեր

Case The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo. ICC-01/04-01/06.

http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200104/related%20cases/icc%200104%200106/democratic%20republic%20of%20the%20congo?lan=en-GB

Case The Prosecutor v Jean-Paul Akayesu. ICTR-96-4.

http://www.unictr.org/tabid/128/Default.aspx?id=18&mnid=4

Case The Prosecutor Against Alex Tamba Brima, Brima Bazzy Kamara and Santigie Borbor Kanu. SCSL-04-16.

http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsBrimaKamaraandKanuAFRCCase/tabid/106/Default.aspx

Case The Prosecutor v. Sam Hinga Norman, Moinina Fofana and Allieu Kondewa. SCSL-2004-14.

http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsFofanaandKondewaCDFCase/tabid/104/Default.aspx

Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta).

http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=lm&case=68&k=a8&p3=0

 

 

 

North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany/Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany/Netherlands).

http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&k=e2&case=51&p3=0 

http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&k=e2&case=52&p3=0

Attorney General of the Government of Israel v. Adolf Eichmann, Criminal Case No. 40/61, District Court of Jerusalem, Judgment of  Dec. 11 1961.

http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/

United States of America v. Omar Ahmed Khadr

http://www.defense.gov/news/commissionsKhadr.html

Այլ զեկույցներ և լրատվական հոդվածներ

Victims, Perpetratos or Heroes? Child Soldiers before the International Criminal Court, September 2006. 

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4bf3a5e22.html

 

Human Rights Watch, Omar Ahmed Khadr, News Release, November 2, 2010. http://www.hrw.org/news/2010/11/02/omar-ahmed-khadr

 

UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), Guide to the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, December 2003.

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49997b01c.html

 

UNICEF Factsheet, Child Soldiers.

http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/childsoldiers.pdf

IRIN Humanitarian news and analysis. Fighting for the Rights of Child Soldiers.

http://www.irinnews.org/indepthmain.aspx?indepthid=94&reportid=94657

IRIN Humanitarian news and analyses. Should Child Soldiers Be Prosecuted for Their Crimes.

http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?indepthid=94&reportid=93900